Utility of Ketone Supplementation to Enhance Physical Performance: A Systematic Review

This systematic review examined randomized controlled trials of exogenous ketone supplements versus a control on physical performance in humans. Of 161 articles screened, 10 studies (112 participants; 109 men, 3 women) with 16 performance outcomes were included. Of the 16 outcomes, 3 reported positive, 10 reported null and 3 reported negative effects of ketone supplementation. Heterogeneity was high for lower-body power (I2 = 83 percent) and endurance performance (I2 = 93 percent).