Perspective: Ketone Supplementation in Sports-Does It Work?

This perspective discusses the rationale for a possible ergogenic effect of oral ketone supplements, including altered muscle fuel preference, glycogen sparing, cognition during exertion and muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise. It concludes that evidence to date does not support a benefit of acute ketone supplementation on sports performance, cognition or muscle recovery, although further research with long-duration exercise (over 60 minutes) is needed, and evidence for chronic supplementation is sparse. It adds that acute intake might be associated with gastrointestinal symptoms and that long-term safety of repeated use needs research.