Ketone supplementation acutely lowers androgen and glucose levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial

In a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial, 20 women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) received a ketone supplement or a taste-matched placebo over 10 hours, with one dose the evening before and another 2 hours before fasting blood collection. Blood D-beta-hydroxybutyrate reached 2.4 mM with the supplement versus 0.1 mM with placebo (P < .001). Androgens were generally lower, with reductions of 13 percent in testosterone (P = .067), 21 percent in free testosterone (P = .057), 14 percent in androstenedione (P = .050), and 21 percent in 11-ketotestosterone (P = .020).