Ketone monoester plus high-dose glucose supplementation before exercise does not affect immediate post-exercise erythropoietin concentrations versus glucose alone

In a randomized crossover design, 12 males consumed ketone monoester plus glucose (573 mg ketone monoester/kg body mass and 110 g glucose) or 110 g glucose alone 30 minutes before a 4 mile self-paced treadmill exercise wearing a weighted vest (30 percent of body mass). Beta-hydroxybutyrate rose from baseline to post-exercise with the ketone monoester only, while glucose and glycerol rose only with glucose alone. Insulin and lactate increased in both treatments. Erythropoietin increased from baseline to post-exercise in both conditions with no difference between treatments.