Ketogenic therapy for Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and synthesis without meta-analysis of animal and human trials

This systematic review of in vivo studies included 12 studies (4 randomized controlled trials and 8 animal trials) of ketogenic therapy in Parkinson's disease, including ketogenic diets, medium-chain triglyceride oil, caprylic acid and ketone ester drinks. Based on the available human trials, ketogenic therapy did not improve motor coordination and functioning, cognitive impairment, anthropometrics, blood lipids, glycemic control, exercise performance or voice disorders. The authors describe the evidence as scattered and heterogeneous, so a synthesis cannot be conclusive. Animal studies tended to show more promising results, including improved locomotor activity, dopaminergic activity, redox status and inflammatory markers.