Impact of ketosis on appetite regulation-a review

This review describes what is known about the effect of ketosis, induced by diet or exogenous ketone esters, on appetite and the possible mechanisms. It reports that ketogenic diets have been shown to prevent the rise in ghrelin otherwise seen with weight loss and to reduce hunger. In rodents, ketone esters have concentration-dependent effects on food intake and body weight, appearing when 30 percent of total dietary energy comes from ketone esters. In humans, acute consumption of a ketone ester drink reduced hunger and increased satiety compared with a dextrose drink.