Impact of fasting & ketogenic interventions on the NLRP3 inflammasome: A narrative review

This narrative review summarizes how fasting and ketogenic interventions, including exogenous ketone supplementation, affect the NLRP3 inflammasome across human, rodent and cell models. It notes that the evidence comes mostly from cell and animal models of disease. The review concludes that there is convincing evidence that ketogenic interventions can reduce NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and that the evidence supports a direct effect of BHB while other metabolic responses to fasting or ketogenic diets may also affect innate immune responses.