Impact of Acutely Increased Endogenous- and Exogenous Ketone Bodies on FGF21 Levels in Humans

This paper pooled participants from three randomized, placebo-controlled crossover studies: 9 patients with type 1 diabetes given insulin deprivation plus lipopolysaccharide, 9 patients with type 1 diabetes given insulin deprivation alone, and 9 healthy adults given a 3-hydroxybutyrate infusion. Circulating 3-hydroxybutyrate reached 1.3, 1.5 and 5.5 mmol/l in the three studies, and plasma FGF21 was measured in serial samples. No correlations were found between FGF21 and ketone body levels, insulin or glucagon.