Ketone Labs article reviewing two NNB Labs studies that compared BHB sources. One study found total ketone exposure (AUC) over two hours was similar across three D-BHB sources despite different peak levels. The other found D-BHB and L-BHB raised liver ATP while 1,3-butanediol and ketone esters consumed ATP during conversion, with butanediol needing over seven times the ATP of BHB acid.
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