Effect of weight-maintaining ketogenic diet on glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in obese T2D subjects

Twenty-nine overweight or obese subjects were randomized for 10 days to a weight-maintaining standard diet, a weight-maintaining ketogenic diet, or the ketogenic diet plus 8 g of beta-hydroxybutyrate ketone ester every 8 hours. Body weight and body fat stayed constant in all groups. Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate increased twofold in the ketogenic groups, with lower carbohydrate oxidation and higher lipid oxidation. Glucose tolerance decreased slightly or was unchanged in the two ketogenic groups, and whole body, liver and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids and blood pressure were unchanged in all three groups.